What is language?We hear about language and teaching language arts or ESL all of the time, but it is important to consider what language actually is. It is something most of us take for granted, being fluent in our native language and using it without much effort.
Language can be described as two things. First, it is what we as humans use to transmit information from one person to others. Second, language is a behavior. It tells who we are, where we come from, and so much more. |
Stages of Language Acquisition
Silent Period
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At this stage learners provide one word answers at most. It is still important to immerse them in as much language as possible. Teachers should still maintain their expectations and differentiate by providing opportunities such as pointing or drawing.
This is where learners will try out more words and phrases. At this stage they are able to read and understand more than they can produce. Validation should be provided, and learners should be grouped with others who encourage responses.
Learners may vary in the intermediate stage. They should be expected to write, read, and give longer, more elaborate responses.
Once learners reach this final stage they are able to exercise full classroom participation. They will be able to read, write, listen, and speak at a fluent level.
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Why This Matters
What is the purpose of knowing the stages of how one acquires language as a teacher? This information is crucial for teachers to be able to plan, differentiate, and assess English Language Learners (ELLs). By having even a brief framework of language acquisition a teacher will be able to have a better idea of what is happening and how to assist their students in the best way possible. Instead of expecting a student in the Silent Period, for example, to provide extended answers, a teacher can provide other differentiated opportunities for a learner to show what they know and are able to do.